Starter for VAZ: where is it located, how to remove, replacement instructions for a Niva car

The Niva 21213 and 21214 cars have a starter with mixed-type excitation, with an electromagnetic-type traction relay and two independent windings. Four poles are fixed in the housing, one of which is connected in parallel, and the rest in series.

The casing and cover are tightened using a pair of bolts. Inside there is an armature with a collector (the latter is of the end type). The armature rotates on metal-ceramic bushings pressed into the covers.

Despite the apparent design complexity, starter repair is accessible even to beginners. The main thing is to have the necessary tools on hand, diagnose the problem in a timely manner and follow the manufacturer’s instructions. Below we will look at what starter malfunctions exist and how to fix the problems.

Starter problems and their elimination

If the traction relay clicks and the car does not start, then the culprit of the situation is most often not the starter, but a discharged battery. Its charge is not enough to start the power plant. In addition, the problem may be hidden in oxidized contacts or damaged wires.

The weak point of the unit is the power wire loop connecting the electric motor and the traction relay. It does not connect securely to the terminal and is prone to oxidation and rot. If it breaks, the starter does not turn, despite the fact that a characteristic click of the traction relay is heard from the engine compartment.

To fix the problem, it is recommended to solder a new copper conductor to replace the damaged one. Some car owners resort to welding. To increase the reliability of the unit, some drivers add an additional connection between the relay and the electric motor even before installing a new starter.

The weak link in the electrical circuit of the VAZ 2121 starter is the brushes. They are the most susceptible to wear, so the unit often loses its functionality due to their insufficient length. To determine the remaining life, you need to take out the brushes and measure their size. It must exceed 4 mm.

A large current flows through the brush assembly. This causes heating and thermal destruction of the elements. Upon visual inspection, you can often detect melting of the brushes and the appearance of chips. Minor defects can be eliminated by grinding. In case of serious damage, the brush must be replaced.

Damage to the armature is also found in VAZ 2121 starters. Among the most popular breakdowns is a breakdown of the winding to the housing. The malfunction can be identified by “continuous testing” with a multimeter or ohmmeter. If the specified devices are not available, the breakdown should be checked with a regular lamp. You need to assemble a circuit as shown in the image below. Its ends should be connected to the commutator plate and the armature core. If the light comes on, it means that there is a breakdown in the winding. It is extremely difficult to repair insulation damage, so such an anchor must be replaced.

The collector is also subject to wear. If there is minor damage, the defects can be removed by grinding. If the collector plates are seriously worn or burned out, the armature must be replaced.

Outdoor lighting control

On some vehicle versions, a starter relay may be located under the additional unit next to the ignition relay.

It has already been noted that in the block located in the cabin, some of the fuses are responsible for the operation of the lighting system. Below is a lighting control diagram, as well as a table that explains how the wires are designated.

Thanks to this scheme, you can find the right element in time if for some reason it fails. For example, when a signal is sent to the power windows, they will begin to move, cleaning the glass.

Article number and approximate price for the original VAZ 2121 starter

The original starters for the VAZ 2121 can be either independently started units or purchased from third-party manufacturers. The starter with the factory number 35.3708 is widely popular in cars. It has a rated power of 1.3 kW. The unit goes on retail sale with article numbers 2213708000 and 57223708. The price for the product starts from 2400 rubles.

Also, a more powerful 1.55 kW starter is installed on the VAZ 2121 car. It has the factory number 5722.3708. It is quite difficult to find this starter in retail sales. The cost of the unit is from 3400 rubles.

On export versions of the VAZ 2121, a diesel power unit is installed, which comes with a 2.2 kW starter. The VAZ company does not produce this unit independently. The branded original product is the products of the VALEO PHC and HC Parts brands. In free sale, these units are found with article numbers 436068 and D9R122. The price for a native 2.2 kW starter starts at 5,600 rubles.

Selection of components

The original starter is produced by LADA and comes in the original blue packaging. It is marked with article number 21214-3708010-01. The cost of this part is from four to five thousand rubles, depending on the store.

To avoid stumbling upon a fake, carefully examine the box. The presence of extraneous logos, absence of an article number on the box, or color mismatch is unacceptable. The low price should alert you.

Alternative options are produced by companies such as Fenox, Krauf, Valeo. The listed brands are distinguished by high quality products and fairly affordable prices. The price for starters varies from 2200 to 4700 rubles.

What original or analogue can I supply?

If the starter does not turn, you can simply replace it. Typically, in a store, the buyer has a choice between two options:

• original;
• analogue

They differ not only in their quality, but also in their durability. The easiest way to study visual differences is in the photo.

But the cost of the original starter is usually at least 3.5 thousand rubles. That’s why many people opt for analogues. There are many other manufacturers on the Russian market that are not certified by AvtoVAZ. If possible, you should choose well-established brands.

It is important to remember: all starters have different resources and may differ in size. It is advisable to arm yourself with a ruler and tape measure before going to the store. This will allow you to avoid purchasing a device that is not suitable in size. Some manufacturers produce equipment that can be installed on various vehicle models. The price depends significantly on the manufacturer.

Before purchasing an analogue, you need to familiarize yourself with the brand. For example, Bosch has proven itself to be good. The equipment he produces is durable and does not cause difficulties in repair. There is a list of manufacturing companies recommended by AvtoVAZ itself. It is advisable to familiarize yourself with all the nuances and subtleties of installation in advance. This will allow you to select it at the start and install it later yourself.

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Catalog number and cost of a good starter for VAZ 2121

Original VAZ 2121 starters are of unstable quality, so experienced car owners do not recommend installing them. It is more advisable to purchase an analogue from a third-party manufacturer. The table below presents brands that produce decent starters at an attractive price.

Table - Good analogues of the original VAZ 2121 starter

How to check the ignition module on a Chevrolet Niva - check procedure

A multimeter will help you check the condition of the node. It is not necessary to use expensive instruments with high accuracy. The main thing is the presence of a digital display, then any measurements are simplified.

First you need to make sure that the wiring of the device remains intact. To do this, perform the following steps:

1. The switch on the rear panel of the device is set to the 200 Ohm position.
2. The connector is disconnected from the module and the high voltage wires are disposed of.
3. The voltage is measured sequentially between the middle and extreme contacts of the terminal blocks.
4. The device readings should be within 5 ohms. The heater, for example, works while maintaining other indicators.

The resistance of the secondary winding is checked in the next step. Here you need to move the switch to the 20 K position. The probes are connected to wires with the appropriate voltage. 5.4 Ohms is the standard reading for instruments in this situation. Otherwise, the connection cannot be properly organized.

Required Tools

In order to remove or install the starter on a VAZ 2121, you need tools, the list of which is presented in the table below. Table - Tools required to replace the front strut

Location of fuse and relay blocks Lada 4×4

Almost all electrical devices on these cars are designed for 12 volts. In this case, the amperage can vary from hundreds of amperes to tens of milliamps. To separate power and control currents, a switching relay is used. This prevents the wires from getting too hot or catching fire. At the same time, it reduces the overall amount of wiring in the car. Location of switches in the car:

It is important to maintain the normal condition of electrical circuits and replace their elements with original ones. Otherwise, complete failure of the controlled unit and a complete stop of the vehicle are possible.

We hope that this information was useful to you if you encounter problems with the electrical equipment of NIVA. We will be glad to see you in the Niva owners club on our forum.

Any car is equipped with fuse blocks (FBs), which are responsible for the safety of electrical circuits. Their location differs not only depending on the make of the car. Even models from the same manufacturer that are close in year of production can be placed in different patterns. However, in some cases the location may coincide completely.

The main power supply in these models is located under the lower edge of the instrument panel protection. Additional fuses in Niva 21214 for the injector are located to the left. This block is responsible for controlling fuel injection. There are also relays for monitoring the operation of the wipers and a set responsible for the motion control system.

Starter replacement process

In order for the replacement of the starter on a VAZ 2121 to be successful, it is recommended to use the step-by-step instructions given below.

• Secure the vehicle by applying the parking brake to the rear wheels.
• To gain access to the place where the starter is located, you must open the hood.

• The starter is located under the exhaust manifold. Use a ratchet with an extension to unscrew the nuts securing the terminals.

• Remove the wires from the stud.

• Remove the bolts that secure the starter to the gearbox, as shown in the photo below.

• Remove the starter from the engine compartment.

• Install the new starter in the reverse order of removal.

• Check operation by starting the power unit.

Useful video

Due to the fact that the switches are of the same type, during emergency repairs the output circuit can be connected to other units. To do this, you will have to disable one of the auxiliary and non-critically important elements. For example, transfer the starter or healing circuit to the rear window heating controller.

When replacing the entire unit, it is important to write down the location and markings of the wires on the old one. The fuses themselves can be changed without any problems. The main thing is to remove the terminals from the battery to avoid electric shock. It is important to pay attention - if a new fuse burns out immediately after installation and performance testing, then the wiring of a particular circuit is damaged.

Source

Symptoms of a problem

As already mentioned, symptoms of a faulty ignition module are also typical for many other components of the car. There are almost no signs that directly indicate MH. This significantly complicates repairs. However, with experience, conclusions about a malfunction of the Chevrolet Niva ignition module can be drawn from the following symptoms.

1. Two cylinders are not firing at once. This is the only sign that, although not always, indicates MH. The likelihood of this increases if cylinders 1 and 4 or cylinders 2 and 3 are not working at the same time.
2. Idle speed “floats”.
3. Diagnostics shows misfires in all cylinders.
4. As the engine warms up, its power drops and interruptions appear.
5. The CHECK ENGIN alarm comes on.

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It should be noted that a complete failure of the motor, in which the engine does not start at all, happens very rarely. Basically, this symptom of a malfunction of the Niva-Chevrolet ignition module indicates damage to the low-voltage part of the wiring.

Often the cause of problems with the Niva Chevrolet ignition module are breaks in the second winding, because it is this that generates the high voltage pulse. This mainly happens due to the fault of car owners:

• in case of untimely replacement of failed high-voltage wires
• installing spark plugs that do not match the car model.
• moisture ingress due to improper washing

Also, the cause of burnout may be delamination of the solder due to increased vibration during frequent use of the engine at high speeds or during frequent temperature exposure - engine overheating.

Problems with the ignition module can be determined in advance, since two coils do not fail at the same time, so car owners will still have the engine start, but with some difficulties:

• it takes a long time to gain working momentum
• floating idle speed
• excessive engine vibration
• jerking while driving

But these problems may be associated not only with the ignition module, so before replacing it is recommended to check its condition