"Lada-Kalina": ignition switch. Design, principle of operation, installation rules, ignition system, advantages, disadvantages and operating features

The operation of the ignition switch (IZ) in the Lada-Kalina car is inaudible and hardly noticeable. It does not participate in the preparation of the working mixture, does not affect the speed of movement and is not able to extend the service life of the engine. As a rule, they forget about it immediately after starting the power unit. However, any damage to the lock, mechanical or electrical, makes further operation of the car impossible. It simply cannot be started. Therefore, it is necessary to have at least minimal knowledge about the design of the Kalina ignition switch, the most common faults and how to eliminate them.

General information

The purpose of the Kalina ZZ is no different from other cars - turning on the ignition and controlling the engine starter. It is equipped with a mechanical interlock and protection against restarting the starter without turning off the ignition. This allows you to protect the flywheel crown and bendix from accidental turning of the key. There is also electronic protection in the form of an immobilizer, the antenna of which is integrated into the 3Z.

The Kalina ignition switch has 3 positions, each of which is described in the table.

The key can only be pulled out in the zero position. In order not to forget it in the lock, when the engine is turned off, an audible alarm is provided, which turns on simultaneously with the opening of the driver's door.

Design

The lock consists of mechanical and electrical parts. Briefly about the design of each of them:

• The mechanical part is a cylindrical mechanism, which can only be turned with a key designed specifically for it. In addition, this includes an anti-theft latch that prevents the steering wheel from turning.
• The electrical part consists of terminals and contacts that close accordingly with each turn of the key. For this purpose, it is connected to the lock mechanics. There are only three contacts. One of them, the thirtieth, is supplied with plus directly from the battery. The remaining two (15 and 50) are intended to turn on consumers and the starter, respectively. To limit the current through the fiftieth contact, a relay is included in its circuit. The starter is powered through its contacts, and not through the Kalina ignition switch.

The immobilizer antenna is located in the decorative ring covering the 3Z. It responds to the transponder of the key inserted into the lock. The immobilizer recognizes only its own unique signal and gives permission to the control unit to start the engine.

Removing and disassembling the ignition switch

We remove the ignition switch to replace its assembly, as well as to replace the contact group of the switch or the APS coil.
Disconnect the wire terminal from the negative terminal of the battery. We remove the steering column switches (see “Removing the steering column switches”). The heads of the ignition switch mounting bolts are cut off. That's why.. . Unscrew them using a chisel. Loose bolts can be removed using pliers.

Remove the bracket from the steering column.

. and the ignition switch. Use a slotted screwdriver to pry up the clamp of the APS coil wire block.

. and disconnect the coil wire block from the APS block wire block.

Pressing the pad lock. ..disconnect the ignition switch contact block from the wiring harness block.

Using a Phillips screwdriver, unscrew the three screws.

. and remove the ignition switch bracket.

We take out the locking rod of the anti-theft device. Turn the key in the ignition switch.

. and remove the locking rod drive. Remove the rod spring from the drive.

. and a stopper with a spring. Push the cylinder out of the switch body.

. and remove the locking ball.

Remove the cylinder from the switch body.

We remove the locking ball spring from the hole in the cylinder.

Prying it with a screwdriver. ..we disengage the two plastic latches of the wire block cover.

. and open the lid. We mark the wires located in the block.

Using a thin awl or stiff wire, bend the locking tendrils of the wire tips.

. and remove the wires from the block.

Remove the insulating tube from the wires.

Squeeze the three plastic latches with a screwdriver. ..remove the contact group from the body.

. and bring the wires out through the holes in the housing.

Prying it with a screwdriver. . disengage the three plastic latches.

. and disconnect the contact group.

Remove the moving part of the contact group.

By pressing the moving contact and turning it counterclockwise.

. remove it from the body.

Remove the contact spring.

. remove the APS coil. We assemble and install the ignition switch in the reverse order. We install the moving part of the contact group as follows.

. so that the wide protrusion of the moving contact is located opposite the protrusion on the cover with the fixed contact. . and the protrusion on the lock cylinder should fit.

. into the recess on the body of the moving part of the contact group.

Tool:

• Multimeter
• Chisel
• Large hammer
• Narrow nose pliers
• Straight box spanner 10 mm

Parts and consumables:

• Tear-off bolts (4 pcs.)

In the power supply circuit for most of the vehicle's electrical equipment, except for the emergency, sound and light alarms, the canopy lighting, side lights, the brake signal, the security alarm and the electric door locks, voltage is supplied through the ignition switch.

To increase the car's anti-theft properties, the switch is combined with a lock, which is why this device is more often called an ignition switch. The lock body is attached to the steering column with four special bolts with break-away heads.

At a certain tightening torque, the bolt heads come off, and after that it becomes impossible to unscrew the bolts with wrenches.

The ignition switch is additionally equipped with a steering shaft locking mechanism. Once the key is removed from the lock, the spring-loaded latch is released. When you try to turn the steering wheel, the latch locks the steering shaft from turning.

ZZ malfunctions

Most often, damage to the Kalina ignition switch is associated with its mechanical part. In this case, it is impossible to turn the key to the desired position. A malfunction does not arise, as they say, out of the blue. As a rule, frequent jamming of the key is observed over the course of several months, which is eliminated by rocking it in the cylinder.

Rarely, there are cases of failure of the electrical component of the Lada-Kalina ignition switch. Basically they come down to a lack of contact when turned on. This is typical only for locks with a long service life. True, there is another common reason for burnt contacts - the car owner himself.

When installing additional equipment, the owner of the car does not take into account that the maximum permissible load on contact is 15, only 19 amperes. This is quite enough for regular consumers, but the lock can no longer withstand additional light and sound devices, especially those installed at home. The contacts begin to spark and eventually fail. Therefore, when installing additional equipment, it is necessary to use an additional relay to power it.

Symptoms of a problem

The main symptoms of 3D damage are most often obvious:

1. The Kalina ignition key does not turn. You should not think that it can only jam in the “0” position. Sometimes, on the contrary, the car cannot be turned off because the key does not return to the neutral position.
2. A number of devices do not work, including the indicator lamps on the panel do not light up.
3. The starter does not turn.
4. There are constant interruptions in movement, with the disappearance of readings from control devices.
5. The instrument panel lamps light up after several turns of turning the key in one direction or the other.

As with any problem, some symptoms do not necessarily point to a lock. Therefore, before disassembling it, you need to exclude all other options. This can often be done based on indirect evidence. For example, if the starter does not rotate, but when you turn the key to position “2”, the relay clicks, then the lock is working.

Repair or buy a new one

There is no clear answer to this question. The fact is that it is very difficult to find a new contact group on the Kalina ZZ, in contrast to the classics, Samara and the tenth family. Therefore, you have to repair it, which without experience, skills and desire is not the best idea. Most often, owners install a new ZZ by purchasing it assembled.

In this case, it is necessary to take into account that the Kalina ignition switch has an immobilizer that will not respond to the new key and the car will not be able to start. Of course there is a way out. You can retrain the immobilizer for a new key. In this case, you will also have to change the cylinders on the door locks.

You can do it easier - carry two keys with you. True, it is not clear whether it is worth keeping them on one bundle. Therefore, the most reasonable thing would be to make a new “tip” and install it on the old key. By the way, it may be included in the delivery of a new lock.

Step-by-step algorithm

Since it will be possible to remove the ignition switch on Kalina even in a garage, we recommend stocking up on the necessary tools and new spare parts. The kit will cost the motorist between 800 and 1,500 rubles. Detailed instructions include the following points:

Assembly is carried out in the reverse order of disassembly. To install the lock, we must use new bolts with hexagonal heads, which will need to be removed for safety reasons. When working, you should use a screwdriver with a magnetized tip, which will prevent small fasteners from getting lost during installation/dismantling operations.

Replacing the ignition switch

As always, if the work involves electricity, you need to start by disconnecting the negative terminal of the battery. The tool you will need is a shaped screwdriver and a small chisel. You must purchase an ignition switch in advance. In this case, you need to take into account the presence of an immobilizer. If everything is ready, you can proceed to replacement. The sequence of actions is as follows:

1. After unscrewing the five bolts, remove the decorative steering column cover. The screws are different, so it’s better to remember which one was placed where. In addition, to remove the casing, you need to lower the steering column adjustment knob.
2. The ignition switch is secured to two clamps, secured with bolts that cannot be unscrewed with a key. Therefore, you will have to use a chisel. You need to rest it against the cap and unscrew it with careful but rather strong blows until it becomes possible to do it with your hands. That is, you should not cut off the bolt with a chisel, but use it as an analogue of a key.
3. Thus, you will have to unscrew all 4 screws.
4. The lock will remain hanging on the wires.
5. We disconnect the electrical connectors, and the ignition switch can be easily removed.
6. Installation is carried out in reverse order.

It is worth noting that this sequence of actions is similar for all modifications of the car, including the ignition switch of the Kalina 2, produced since 2013.

When the problem is spark plugs

The ignition switch is not always the reason the engine refuses to start. In such an unpleasant situation, you should start troubleshooting by checking the spark plugs. What kind of spark plugs should be equipped with the Lada Kalina engine? The manufacturer recommends “A17DVRM” elements. As an analogue, you can install “A15DVRM”. You can also resort to installing products from foreign manufacturers. The cost of the kit is small (does not exceed 500 rubles), so there is no point in saving, but it is recommended to purchase high-quality products.

The design of the candles may vary slightly. This concerns the number of electrodes. For LADA Kalina, it is recommended to use products with two electrodes: central and side. The service life directly depends on operating conditions and fuel quality. It is recommended to replace spark plugs after 30,000 miles. To perform the replacement procedure, you will need to stock up on a special spark plug wrench. How to remove and also how to replace spark plugs? The process itself is quite simple and looks like this (motor cooled):

1. We wipe the adjacent areas around the spark plug wells with a rag to prevent debris from getting inside the combustion chambers.
2. We remove the ends of the high-voltage wires from each spark plug.
3. We unscrew each of the spark plugs one by one and inspect the electrodes (image No. 4).
4. We screw in the new products using the appropriate tightening torque.